The 150th anniversary of the 1868 quake is in 2018; scientists are convinced that the Hayward Fault has reached the point where a powerful, damaging earthquake can be expected at any time. Oakland, a town of about 12,000 and mainly wood-frame buildings, was much less heavily damaged than San Leandro and Hayward. Joyce Blueford and Mitch Craig lead NCGS members, family, and the general public on a field trip to examine evidence of the Hayward Fault in the East Bay. and if you can, can u guys also tell me the most recent major earthquake along this fault, and also problems we would encounter if we have another major earthquake along this fault… Geologic Faults What Is It? The 150th anniversary of the 1868 earthquake, and all historical earthquake anniversaries, are opportunities to remind people that we live in earthquake country and we should all be prepared for the next big quake. The Hayward fault began forming about 12 million years ago as part of the North … Popular mentions . (Public domain. U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) studies show that similar Hayward Fault quakes have repeatedly jolted the region in the past and that the fault may be ready to produce another magnitude 6.8 to 7.0 earthquake. The Hayward Fault is the single most urbanized earthquake faultin the United States—in 1868 there were only 24,000 residents living in Alameda County; now there are more than 2.4 million people. The earthquake occurred at 7:53 a.m. on October 21, 1868. Motion over millions of years has brought different sets of rocks next to each other on the fault trace. (I’ll return to that.) Scientists estimate that the magnitude of the 1868 quake was 6.8. Contributed by Dale Smith Photos by Phil Garbutt. Historical land-survey data suggest that the fault broke as far north as Berkeley, with an average horizontal offset of about 6 feet (2 meters). Filter. These data are a geospatial representation of liquefaction potential for the HayWired earthquake scenario, a magnitude 7.0 earthquake occurring on the Hayward Fault on April 18, 2018, with an epicenter in the city of Oakland, CA. At San Leandro, with a population of about 400, the second floor of the Alameda County Courthouse collapsed, and many other buildings were destroyed. On October 21, 1868, a magnitude 6.8 earthquake struck the San Francisco Bay region. Dot size indicates the present relative population sizes of cities. Hayward is the 37th biggest city in California by how many people live there. It splays to the east and trends between N. 20° and 35°W along some 119 km. Notably, the last six quakes (in 1134, 1317, 1475, 1629, 1725, and 1868) occurred at intervals of 95 to 183 years, with an average interval of about 150 years. Andrew Alden is a geologist based in Oakland, California. We dedicate this story to the memory of USGS seismologist John (Jack) Boatwright, who was passionate about making the San Francisco Bay Area more earthquake resilient, and who died shortly before the 150th anniversary of the destructive 1868 Hayward Earthquake. Two factors combine to make the Hayward Fault very dangerous. IE9 and older versions are not supported. This research, carried out in hundreds of places, has documented approximately 2000 years of large earthquakes up and down the Hayward fault. : U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2018–3052, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20183052. Because the approximate location of the Hayward Fault, its potential for significant earthquakes were known at the time of construction, Howard adapted the design of the stadium accordingly. As of 2016, the last eruption was 148 years ago. Mar-May; Jun-Aug; Sep-Nov; Dec-Feb; Language. The chapter reviewed the descriptions of surface faulting, collected damage and felt reports, and interviewed survivors of the earthquake. The last large event was the 1984 Morgan Hill event and the last moderate earthquake was the 2007 Alum Rock event. Mar-May; Jun-Aug; Sep-Nov; Dec-Feb; Language. Hundreds of homes and other structures are built along the fault trace, and mass transit corridors, major freeways, and many roadways cross it at numerous locations. … The Hayward fault is a transform or strike-slip fault that moves sideways, rather than the more common faults that move up on one side and down on the other. Numerous witnesses reported seeing the ground move in waves. Although the region was sparsely populated, the quake on the Hayward Fault was one of the most destructive in California’s history. Publication type: Report: Publication Subtype: USGS Numbered Series: Title: The Hayward Fault, we can't ignore it; a video tape; Part 1, Faults, earthquake history and Hayward Fault tour, and Part 2, Fault creep, earthquake hazards and the future However, as in 1906, well-constructed buildings on firm ground sustained much less damage. The Hayward Fault is a Strike-slip Fault. Since then, nearly three million people have moved next to the Hayward fault with little regard for its earthquake potential. The section of the Hayward Fault that produced the 1868 Hayward earthquake is highlighted in yellow. A probability map shows a 33-percent chance of that massive quake happening along the Hayward fault, which is considered the most dangerous in … Fascinating to see Hayward Fault Exposed, Fremont, CA. Traces of the Hayward Fault, California The purpose of this map is to show the location of and evidence for recent movement on active fault traces within the Hayward Fault Zone, California. All reviews central park fascinating. In 1868, the little settlement of Haywards was nearest to the epicenter of the earthquake. Because of the high urban density of the area, it runs through and the gap in time between its most recent rupture, it is considered one of the most hazardous faults in the world. At depth, the Hayward fault merges smoothly into the southern part of the Calaveras fault, and the two may rupture together in a larger earthquake than either could produce alone. Hayward is a city in the East Bay area of Alameda County, California.It has a population of 144,186. Scientists are keeping a nervous eye on the Hayward fault, which runs along the most urbanized edge of San Francisco’s East Bay.The Hayward fault activity is capable of generating destructive earthquakes. Ongoing slip and aftershocks along the Hayward Fault may last for months, further damaging buildings and infrastructure that straddle the fault. The Hayward Fault, a long and lethal crack in the Earth, slices along the base of the Berkeley Hills and directly through the University of California. of the Hayward fault from Lienkaemper and others (1991); gray lines, major highways and roads. 2) normal fault. Hayward is the sixth largest city in the San Francisco Bay Area and the third largest in Alameda County, It is on the Bay's eastern shore, next to Union City.The San Mateo-Hayward Bridge starts there. These measures combined to ensure that buildings built in San Francisco between 1868 and 1906 survived the powerful shaking of the 1906 San Francisco quake, with the exception of the San Francisco City Hall. The Hayward fault zone is bounded on the east by a series of faults that demarcate the beginning of one or more structural blocks containing rocks and structures unrelated to the Hayward fault zone. Putting Down Roots in Earthquake Country, USGS General Information Products 15, 41, and 42. A major seaport and rail terminal as well as a county seat, Oakland is aware of its vulnerability and is slowly getting better prepared for the inevitable large earthquake on the Hayward fault. This is a type of shearing force where the right block moves toward you and the left block moves away. To estimate the shaking intensity, it is necessary to consider the construction of the damaged buildings, that is, whether they were adobe, brick, or wood. Prenez le volant d’une voiture de type Camionette lorsque vous arrivez à Hayward Fault Exposed. It is located within its central section, between the latitudes of San Jose and Bakersfield. The Hayward fault is the red line, the Chabot fault is the blue line, and I’ve added the lidar swath along the fault between the light-blue lines. 1. Nearly all transform faults are in the deep sea, but the major ones on land are noteworthy and dangerous, such as the Haiti Earthquake of 2010. On April 15, 2006, Drs. All three faults are right-lateral strike-slip faults. Over 8.7 million Californians and nearly 54 million globally are already planning to participate. By Pool Type . At its northern end, the Hayward fault runs across undeveloped land in a regional shoreline park. The population at greatest risk from a Hayward Fault earthquake is 100 times greater than in 1868. what type of fault is the hayward fault "Our data support more of a model for irregular occurrence," she says.Nearby faults add another level of uncertainty. The mainshock begins beneath the City of Oakland (star) and causes the Hayward Fault to rupture along about 52 miles of its length (thick black line). All reviews central park fascinating. An example of a dip-slip or transform fault is the San Andreas fault in California. Filter. The Hayward Fault runs along the foot of the East Bay hills, something that all residents of the Bay Area, and the East Bay in particular, should know. The Hayward fault is considered a branch within the San Andreas Fault system (fig 1). Shaking was felt as far away as Nevada, and aftershocks rattled the Bay Area for weeks. In addition to creating scenarios, regular practice drills by whole communities are essential. What are the Different Kinds? Fault: Hayward Fault Zone: Type: Strike-slip: Areas affected: San Francisco Bay Area California United States: Total damage: $350,000 / Moderate : Max. (Public domain.). Meanwhile, much of the fault moves slowly, without earthquakes, in the form of aseismic creep. This field guide consists of eleven stops at sites that illustrate the geological, geophysical, geographic, and engineering aspects of the Hayward fault in the East Bay. ShakeMap showing the inferred intensity of ground shaking in the 1868 earthquake (measured as MMI, or Modified Mercalli Intensity), compared to a ShakeMap for the 1989 magnitude 6.9 Loma Prieta earthquake. The Hayward Fault is a Strike-slip Fault. mini wrote a review Jan 2020. USGS earthquake science tells us that it’s now urgent to prepare for the next magnitude 7 quake on the Hayward Fault. The 1868 earthquake on the Hayward Fault capped a decade-long sequence of seven increasingly strong quakes in the Bay Area. The Hayward Fault Zone is a geologic fault zone capable of generating destructive earthquakes.This fault is about 74 mi (119 km) long, situated mainly along the western base of the hills on the east side of San Francisco Bay.It runs through densely populated areas, including Richmond, El Cerrito, Berkeley, Oakland, San Leandro, Castro Valley, Hayward, Union City, Fremont, and San Jose. Shaking from the 1868 quake was the strongest that the new towns and growing cities of the Bay Area had ever experienced. (Public domain.). Other important engineering lessons from the 1868 earthquake, though actively discussed at the time, were not heeded. The Hayward Fault—Is It Due for a Repeat of the Powerful 1868 Earthquake? It suggests that either the fault is creeping there, or there has been recent seismic slip.” In fact, according to Watt et al., even the most recent prehistoric earthquakes along the Rodgers Creek fault and Hayward faults, which struck sometime between 1715 and 1776, could have been a single combined event given dating uncertainties. Arrows show relative movement on the fault. English. The 1868 Hayward Fault earthquake is a reminder of the tremendous power that lurks beneath the Earth’s surface in the San Francisco Bay region. In 1996, an 18-millimeter creep event, the largest ever observed on the Hayward fault, occurred between surveys 63 days apart. Is the Hayward Fault the Nation’s Most Dangerous Fault? The hazard of building on landfill in San Francisco Bay (called “made land” at the time) and the admonition to “build no more cornices” were largely forgotten by the time of the 1906 quake. 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